»ªÈËÔøÔÚº£Í⽨ÓÐ7¸ö¹ú¼Ò ¹úÈ˲»ÖªÇé
(²©Ñ¶±±¾©Ê±¼ä2015Äê6ÔÂ06ÈÕ ×ªÔØ)
À´Ô´£ºÈ¤ÀúÊ·
ÖйúÈ˳ԿàÄÍÀÍ£¬ÇÚÀͽڼó£¬ÒâÖ¾¼áÈ͵ľ«ÉñÃûÑﺣÍâ¡£×Ô¹ÅÒÔÀ´µÄÅ©¸ûÎÄÃ÷ʹµÃÖйúÈ˲»ÊÇÒ»¸öÉÐÎäµÄÃñ×壬µ«ÊÇÖйúÈ˵ÄÉÆÓÚ¾Óª£¬¶ÔÓÚÈçºÎÖιúÖμҷ½Ãæ¸üÊÇÓÐÌìÈ»µÄÓÅÊÆ£¬¶ÔÓÚÕâÒ»µã£¬ÊÀ½çÉÏûÓÐÈκÎÒ»¸öÃñ×åÄܺÍÖйú±È¡£
½ÓÏÂÀ´¿´¿´ÓÐÄÄЩ¹ú¼ÒÊÇÖйúÈ˽¨Á¢µÄ¡£
1¡¢À¼·¼¹²ºÍ¹ú
´Ó°ï»áµ½ÆóÒµµ½¹ú¼Ò
¡°À¼·¼¡±£¬²»ÊÇÒ»¸öÅ®º¢×ÓµÄÃû×Ö£¬¶øÊÇ200¶àÄêǰһȺÖйúÈËÔÚÊýǧÀïÖ®ÍâµÄÈÈ´øº£ÑóµºÓìÉϽ¨Á¢µÄ×ÔÖÎÌå¡£ËûÃÇÔÚÍêȫûÓÐ׿¹úÖ§³ÖµÄÌõ¼þÏ£¬ÒÔ¾ªÈ˵ÄÒâÖ¾£¬ÍçÇ¿ÇóÉú¡£
¹«Ôª1772Äê(¸É¡ÈýÊ®ÆßÄê)£¬½ñ¹ã¶«Ã·ÖݵĿͼÒÈËÂÞ·¼²®ÏçÊÔ²»µÚ£¬¡°ÄË»³×³ÓÎÖ®Ö¾¡±£¬·¢Ñï¿Í¼Ò¾«Éñ£¬Æ¯Ñó¹ýº££¬µÇÉÏÆÅÂÞÖÞ(½ñÎ÷¼ÓÀïÂüµ¤µº)¡£ÔÚÀ¤µé³ÉÁ¢ÁË¡°À¼·¼¹«Ë¾¡±£¬ÊÇÒ»¸öÓë¶«Ó¡¶È¹«Ë¾ÏàÀàËÆµÄº¬ÓÐÕþÖÎÉ«²ÊµÄÍÅÌå×éÖ¯¡£
ÎåÄêºó£¬ÂÞ·¼²®½«¡°¹«Ë¾¡±¸ÄΪ¡°¹²ºÍ¹ú¡±£¬ÒÔ¶«ÍòÂÉΪÊ×¶¼¡°À¼·¼´óÍ³ÖÆ¹²ºÍ¹ú¡±½¨Á¢¡£ÕâÒ»Ä궨ΪÀ¼·¼ÔªÄê¡£

ÂÞ·¼²®£¬ÔÃûÂÞ·¼°Ø£¬ÂÞ·¼²®ÊǺóÈ˶ÔËûµÄ×ð³Æ¡£ÉúÓÚ1738Äê(¸É¡ÈýÄê)£¬¡°×ÔÓ×ѧÎÄϰÎäΪȺ¶ù¹Ú¡±¡£
¸Õµ½ÆÅÂÞÖÞʱ£¬ÂÞ·¼²®ÒÔ½ÌÊéΪҵ£¬ËûÓÐÎÄ»¯¡¢ÓвÅÄÜ£¬ÓÖ¶®ÎäÊõ£¬¼ÈÄÜÍŽáÇȰû£¬ÓÖÄÜÓëµ±µØÍÁÈ˺Ï×÷£¬ÉîÊܵ±µØÈËÃñºÍ»ªÇȵÄÓµ´÷¡£
ÆÅÂÞÖÞÍÁµØ·ÊÎÖ£¬¿É¸û¿ÉÄÁ£¬ÓÖÓÐɽÁÖ¡¢½ð¿ó£¬×ÊÔ´·á¸»£¬»¹ÓиÛÍå¿É·¢Õ¹½»Í¨£¬µ«µºÉÏÄÚ²¿¸÷´óС²É¿ó¹«Ë¾Ö®¼ä»¥ÏàÕù¶·£¬ÍⲿÓÖÓкÉÀ¼µÛ¹ú¶«Ó¡¶È¹«Ë¾µÄÎä×°ÈëÇÖ£¬ÄÚÓÇÍ⻼¡£ÂÞ·¼°ØÔÚÕ¾ÎȽŸúºó£¬´øÁì×Ô¼ºµÄ»ï°é£¬ºÍµ±µØÈËÒ»Æð£¬ÐÖúµ±µØËÕµ¤Ê×ÁìÆ½ÁËÍÁÖøÈ˵ÄÅÑÂÒ£¬µÃµ½ÁËÊ×ÁìµÄ¼Î½±£¬½«¶«ÍòÂÉ»®¹éÂÞ·¼²®¹ÜϽ¡£Õâ¿éµØ·½ÓÐ10¶àÍòÈ˼°Äϱ±¼¸Ê®¹«ÀïµÄ²ú½ðµØ£¬Îü¸½»ªÈËÊýÍò£¬ÍÁÖøºÃ¼¸Ê®Íò£¬Ë³Àí³ÉÕµسÉÁ¢Á˾޴óµÄ¾¼ÃʵÌ塪À¼·¼¹«Ë¾¡£
1776ÄêÂÞ·¼²®½¨Á¢ÁË¡°À¼·¼´óÍ³ÖÆ¹²ºÍ¹ú¡±£¬Ê¼Óá°À¼·¼¡±ÄêºÅ¡£ÂÞ·¼²®²ÎÕÕÎ÷·½¹ú¼ÒµÄһЩ·¨ÖÆ£¬ÉèÖÃÁËÒ»Ì×ÍêÕûµÄÐÐÕþ¡¢Á¢·¨¡¢Ë¾·¨»ú¹¹¡£¹ú¼ÒÓйú·À²¿£¬µ«Ã»Óг£Éè¾ü¶Ó£¬¶øÊÇÈ«Ãñ½Ô±ø£¬Æ½Ê±·ÖÉ¢¸÷µØ¸ãÉú²ú£¬Õ½Ê±¼¯ÖÐÆðÀ´ÓùµÐ¡£µØ·½·ÖÊ¡¡¢¸®¡¢ÏØÈý¼¶£¬Óɸ÷¼¶¹«ÃñͶƱѡ¾Ù³öµ±µØÐÐÕþ»ú¹ØµÄ¸ºÔðÈË¡£
ÔøÏë²¢ÈëÇ峯°æÍ¼£¬µ«±»¸É¡»ÊµÛ¾Ü¾ø
¸Õ¸Õ½¨¹ú£¬ÂÞ·¼²®¾ÍÅÉÈËêî¼û¸É¡»ÊµÛ£¬ÇëÇó°ÑÎ÷ÆÅÂÞÖÞÕâ¿éÍÁµØÄÉÈë´óÇåµÄ°æÍ¼£¬»òÕß±ä³É·ªÊô¹ú¼Ò¡£µ«¸É¡»ÊµÛ¸ù±¾Ã»Àí²ÇÕâЩ¡°Ì쳯ÆúÃñ¡±£¬Ò²²»³ÐÈÏÕâ¸öÄÏÑó»ªÈËÔÚº£Í⽨Á¢µÄ¹ú¼Ò¡£
ÂÞ·¼²®µ±ÁËÊ®¾ÅÄêµÄ¹ú¼ÒÔªÊ×ÓÚ1795Ä겡ÊÅ£¬ÁÙÖÕǰËû»¹½»´ú¹úÃñ£¬ÎÞÂÛ½ñºóËΪ¹ú¼ÒÁìµ¼£¬¹é˳´óÇåÖ®Ðľö²»¿É±ä¡£
Ö®ºó£¬ÓÉÈ«¹ú¹«ÃñÑ¡³ö½Îì²®¼ÌÈιú¼ÒÔªÊס£´Ëºó»¹ÓÐÆßÈËÏȺóµ£ÈιýÕâ¸öÖ°Îñ¡£
1886Ä꣬À¼·¼¹²ºÍ¹úÔâµ½ºÉÀ¼Ö³ÃñÇÖÂÔ¾üµÄ½ø¹¥¡£À¼·¼¹²ºÍ¹úÈ«ÌåÃñÖÚ½øÐÐÁËÍçÇ¿µÄµÖ¿¹£¬×îÖÕÒòÎäÆ÷²»ÈçÈ˶øÏÝÂ䣬Õâ¸ö´æÔÚÁË110ÄêµÄ»ªÈËС¹ú²»ÐÒÃðÍö¡£
Ωһ²»³ÆÍõµÄ»ªÈ˹úÍõ
°´ÕÕ¡¶ÂÞ·¼²®´«¡·µÄ˵·¨£¬µ±µØÍ³ÖÎÕßËÕµ¤ÓëÂÞ·¼²®Ç©Ô¼¸îÈÃÍÁµØ¸øÀ¼·¼×ÔÖΣ¬¡°ÆäËù¸îÈõÄÍÁµØ£¬¼Æ¶«½çÍòÀÍ£¬Î÷½ç¿¨ÆÖ˹ºÓ£¬ÄϽç´óÔº¡¢ÉϺ˫¹µÔÂÖ®Ïߣ¬±±½çÀÍÀÍ¡¢É½¿ÚÑó¡¢°îê©Ö®Ïߣ¬×ݺáÊý°ÙÀ¡¤¡¤¡¤¡¤¡¤¡±·ùÔ±ÁÉÀ«£¬ÈË¿ÚÒ²´ïµ½°ÙÍòÖ®ÖÚ£¬µØµØµÀµÀµÄ¹ú¼Ò£¬¿ÉΪʲôÕâ¸öĹ־ÃúÉÏ£¬Æ«Òª³Æ¡°¹«Ë¾¡±ÄØ?
Æäʵ£¬ÏñÂÞ·¼²®ÕâÑùµÄÖйúÒÆÃñ£¬ÔÚµ±Ê±Éç»áÀï½Ð¡°Ì쳯ÆúÃñ¡±£¬¸ù±¾Ã»ÓÐÉç»áµØÎ»¡£µ±Ê±ÊǸÉ¡Äê´ú£¬Öйú·±ÈÙ²ýÊ¢£¬³¯Í¢ÍþȨÎÞ´¦²»ÔÚ¡£ÂÞ·¼²®ËûÃDz»¸Ò³Æ¹ÂµÀ¹Ñ£¬Å·¸Ò»¸öıĿ֮××Ô¼ºÔ¶Àë¹ÊÍÁµ¹²»Òª½ô£¬Á¬ÀÛÉíÔڹʹúµÄ×ÚÇ×ÓÑÈËÄDzÅÊÇÂé·³¡£ÖйúÈ˹Ç×ÓÀïʼÖÕÈÏÍ¬×æ¹ú£¬²»¹Ü×ßµÃÓжàÔ¶£¬¶¼¸Ä±ä²»ÁË¡°ÎÒµÄÖйúÐÄ¡±£¬ÂÞ·¼²®ËûÃÇÒ²ÊÇÒ»Ñù¡£·´¶ø£¬ËûÃÇһֱϣÍûÄܹ»±»ÇåÍ¢½ÓÄÉΪһ¸öµØ·½Õþ¸®£¬Ò»À´¿ÉÒÔ¹â×ÚÒ«×æ£¬¶þÀ´Ò²¿ÉÒÔÀûÓÃ׿¹úÕâ¸ö¿¿É½£¬µÖ¿¹À´·¸µÄÅ·ÖÞÈË¡£ÊÂʵÉÏ£¬ÇåÍ¢ËäÈ»´ÓÀ´Ã»ÓÐÕýʽ³ÐÈϹýÀ¼·¼¹ú£¬µ«ÂÞ·¼²®ÅɳöµÄʹÕßÖÁÉÙ¼ûµ½Á˸É¡µÄÖØ³¼£¬Ê¹µÃ¶ÔÀ¼·¼êéêìÒѾõĺÉÀ¼ÈËÓÐËù¼Éµ¬£¬Ò»Ö±²»¸ÒÔì´Î¡£Ö±µ½1886Ä꣬¼ûÇå͢˥°Ü£¬ºÉÀ¼²Å´ó¾Ù½ø¹¥À¼·¼£¬ÃðµôÁËÕâ¸ö»ªÈËÔÚº£Í⽨Á¢µÄ¹ú¼Ò¡£
ÓµÓаÙÍòÈ˿ڣ¬Õ½Ê±¿ÉÒÔÈ«Ãñ½Ô±øµÄÀ¼·¼¹ú£¬°ÜÔÚÔ¶µÀ¶øÀ´µÄºÉÀ¼ÈËÊÖÏ£¬¾Ý˵Ö÷ÒªÔÒòÊÇÎäÆ÷Ì«²î¡£Õâ¼þʸæËßÎÒÃÇ£¬Ò»¸ö¹ú¼ÒʵÐÐʲôÌåÖÆ²»ÖØÒª£¬ÖØÒªµÄÊÇʵÁ¦¡ª¾¼ÃµÄʵÁ¦¡¢¿Æ¼¼µÄʵÁ¦£¬ÒÔ¼°¾üʵÄʵÁ¦¡£
»ªÈËÔÚº£Í⽨¹ú£¬ÀúÊ·Éϲ¢²»ÉÙ¼û¡£ÂÞ·¼²®²»ÊÇΩһµÄÒ»¸ö£¬µ«ËûÊÇΩһһ¸ö²»³ÆÍõµÄ¡£

2¡¢´÷ÑàÍõ¹ú
µ±Ê±ÔÚ¶«ÄÏÑǽ¨Á¢µÄ»ªÈ˹ú¼Ò²»½öÊÇ¡°À¼·¼¹²ºÍ¹ú¡±Ò»¸ö£¬»¹ÓÐÆäËû¼¸¸ö¹ú¼Ò£º
¹ã¶«Ê¡ÈËÎâԪʢ£¬ÔÚÆÅÂÞÖÞ±±²¿½¨Á¢´÷ÑàÍõ¹ú£¬×ÔÈιúÍõ£¬ÍõλÊÀÏ®£¬Á¢¹ú°ÙÓàÄê¡£ÓÚ19ÊÀ¼ÍÍöÓÚºÉÀ¼;
´÷ÑàÍõ¹úÊǹ㶫ÈËÎâԪʢÔÚÆÅÂÞÖÞ±±²¿½¨Á¢µÄÒ»¸öÍõ¹ú£¬ÍõλÊÀÏ®£¬´æÔÚʱ¼äÊÇ18ÊÀ¼ÍÖкóÆÚÖÁ19ÊÀ¼ÍÖÐÒ¶£¬Àú4´ú¹úÍõ70ÓàÄê¡£ÓÚ19ÊÀ¼ÍÖÐÆÚÂÙΪºÉÀ¼µÄÖ³ÃñµØ¶øÃðÍö¡£
´÷ÑàÍõ¹úµÄµÚÒ»´ú¹úÍõΪÎâԪʢ£¬ÔΪ¹ã¶«¼ÎÓ¦ÖÝÃ·ÏØÈË£¬Ç峯¸É¡ÖкóÆÚÒòΪı»®·¢¶¯ÆðÒåÊÂй¶øÌÓÍöµ½¶«ÄÏÑÇµÄÆÅÂÞµº£¬18ÊÀ¼ÍÖÐÆÚÔÚµ±µØ´´½¨Á˺ÜÓÐÓ°ÏìÁ¦µÄ¾Ûʤ¹«Ë¾£¬³ÉΪÊ×Áì¡£ºóÀ´£¬ÆäÏÂÊôÂÞ·¼²®µÄÍþÍûÖð½¥³¬¹ýÁËËû£¬ÂÞ·¼²®È¡´úÁËÎâԪʢµÄÊ×ÁìµØÎ»£¬³ÉÁ¢ÁËÀ¼·¼¹«Ë¾£¬ÎâԪʢ³ÉΪÂÞ·¼²®µÄÏÂÊô¡£1777Ä꣬ÂÞ·¼²®ÔÚÆÅÂÞÖÞ½¨Á¢ÁËÀ¼·¼¹²ºÍ¹ú£¬ÎâԪʢÊÇÂÞ·¼²®µÄÊÖϲ¿½«£¬±»ÅÉ×¤ÊØÔÚÀ¤µéºÓ±±²¿µÄ´÷ÑàÍõ¹ú(Tayau)¡£µ±Ê±£¬´÷Ñà¹úÍõºÜ²Ð±©£¬ÈËÃñ¶¼Ô¹ºÞËû£¬1783Ä꣬ÎâԪʢɱËÀÁË´÷Ñà¹úÍõ£¬ÎâԪʢɱËÀ¹úÍõºó£¬ÈËÃñ¶¼ºÜ¸Ð¼¤Ëû¡¢¾´ÅåËû£¬Òò¶ø±»ÈËÃñÓµ´÷Ϊ´÷Ñà¹ú¹úÍõ¡£
ºóÀ´£¬ÎâԪʢÊÅÊÀºó£¬Æä×ÓÄêÓ×£¬ÓÉÆäÆÞϮλΪŮÍõ£¬Çå´úÂÃÐмҡ¢º½º£¼ÒлÇå¸ß³öº£ÓÎÀúÄÏÑóʱ(1783¡ª1797Äê¼ä)£¬´÷ÑàÅ®Íõ»¹ÔÚλ¡£´Ëºó´÷Ñà¹úÍõλÓÉÎâÊÏÊÀÏ®ËÄ´ú£¬Ö±µ½19ÊÀ¼ÍÖÐÒ¶£¬´÷ÑàÍõ¹ú²ÅÂÙΪºÉÀ¼µÄÖ³ÃñµØ¶øÃðÍö¡£
лÇå¸ßÔÚ¡¶º£Â¼¡·Ò»ÊéÖжԴ÷ÑàÍõ¹ú½øÐÐÁ˼ÇÔØ£º´÷ÑàÔÚÀ¥µéÄÏ£¬ÓÉÀ¥µéÄϺÓËÝÁ÷¶øÉÏ£¬Ô¼Æß°ËÈÕ£¬ÖÁË«ÎĶǣ¬¼´´÷Ñླ¡£ÓÖÐÐÊýÈÕ£¬ÖÁ¹ú¶¼¡£¸É¡δ£¬ÔÁÈËÎâԪʢ´Ìɱ·¬Çõ£¬¹úÈË·îÒÔΪÖ÷¡£ÔªÊ¢ËÀ£¬×ÓÓ×£¬ÆÞÏ®Æä룬ÖÁ½ñÓÌ´æ¡£
3¡¢ÄÉÍÁÄɵº¹úÍõ
Ã÷³¯Ä©Ä꣬¹ã¶«Ê¡³±ÖÝÈËÕŽÜÐ÷£¬ÔÚ°²²¨Äǵº(ÄÉÍÁÄɵº)½¨Á¢Ã»ÓÐÌØ¶¨ÃûºÅµÄÍõ¹ú£¬×ÔÈιúÍõ¡£19ÊÀ¼ÍÕŽÜÐ÷ÊÅÊÀ£¬ÄÚ²¿·¢Éú·×Õù£¬Íõ¹úÍ߽⡣
ÄÏÖйúº£µÄÄÉÍÁÄÉȺµº(Kepulauan Natuna£¬Ò²Óа²²¨ÄǵºµÈÆäËü¼¸¸ö³Æºô)Ó¡¶ÈÄáÎ÷ÑDZ±²¿µºÈº£¬ÊôÓ¡ÄáÁÎÄÚȺµºÊ¡¡£Î»ÓÚÂíÀ´°ëµººÍ¼ÓÀïÂüµ¤µºÖ®¼ä¡£ÓÉÖ÷µº´óÄÉÍÁÄɵº(Natuna Besar)ºÍÆäËûÐí¶àСµº£¬¹²ÓÉ127¸ö´óСµºÓì×é³É£¬Ãæ»ý2110ƽ·½¹«ÀÉÏÊÀ¼Í80Äê´úÄ©ÈË¿ÚÔ¼1.5 Íò£¬µ±Ê±»ªÈËÕ¼°Ë³ÉÒÔÉÏ£¬¾ÝÐÂ¼ÓÆÂýÌå¹ýÈ¥µÄ±¨µ¼£¬ÕâһȺµºÉϵĻªÈËһֱϣÍû¶ÀÁ¢½¨¹ú£¬µ«±»Ó¡Äᵯѹ¡£ÄÉÍÁÄÉȺµºº£°Î²»¸ß£¬È«Äê¸ßΡ¢ÓêÁ¿¶à¡¢¸»ÈÈ´øÉÁÖ¡£
ÄÉÍÁÄÉȺµºÒ»Ð©±È½ÏÔçµÄ»ªÈË¼ÒÆ×¼ÇÔØ£ºÇå±øÈë¹ØºóÏûÃðÁËÄÏ·½µÄÄÏÃ÷ÕþȨ£¬ÔÚ¹ã¶«ÑØº£µºÓìÉϼá³Ö¿¹ÇåµÄ¼¸°Ù²Ð±øºÍ¼¸°Ù¼Ò²»·þÂúÇåͳÖεÄÓæÃñÌÓµ½ÁËÄÏÑóµÄÒ»¸öСȺµºÉÏ¡ª¡ªºÉÀ¼È˺óÀ´ÃüÃûµÄÄÉÊ¿ÄÉȺµº!
ÄÉÍÂÄÉȺµºÔÚµ±Ê±²»¹ýÊÇÒ»¿éÂù»ÄÖ®µØ£¬»ªÈËÀ´µ½ÕâÆ¬ÍÁµØÉÏàè¾£Õ¶¼¬£¬½«Ëü¿ªÍؽ¨Éè³ÉÒ»·½ÀÖÍÁ£¬ÄÉÍÂÄÉȺµº³ÉΪ»ªÈ˵ÄÒ»¸ö¶ÀÁ¢µÄÍÁ°î¡£
¿Éµ½ÁËÒ»°Ù¶àÄêǰ£¬ÔÚÄÉÍÁÄɵºÊ×Áì(Ò²ËãÊǹúÍõ)ÕŽÜÐ÷È¥Êźó£¬ÄÚ²¿·¢Éú·×Õù£¬ºÉÀ¼È˳˻úÃðÁËÕÅÊÏÍõ¹ú¡£Ó¡Äá¶ÀÁ¢³öºÉÀ¼ºó£¬ÄÉÍÁÄɵºÈºµºÎ´ÄܶÀÁ¢³öÓ¡ÄᣬÏñÐÂ¼ÓÆÂÄÇÑù¶ÀÁ¢½¨¹ú¡£
Õâ¸ö±¾À´ÊôÓÚ»ªÈ˵ĵط½£¬ÏÖÔÚÈ´³ÉÁËÓ¡ÄáµÄÁìÍÁ£¬¿´µ½²»ÓɵÃÐÄÍ´!

4¡¢åßÂÞÍõ¹ú
Ì©¹úÍÌÎäÀïÍõ³¯µÄ½¨Á¢ÕßÊÇ»ªÒáÖ£ÐÅ(1734-1782Äê)£¬£¬ÉúÓÚÌ©¹ú°¢è¤ÍÓÒ®³Ç£¬Ê·³Æ¡°´ïÐÅ´óµÛ¡±»ò¡°ÍÌÎäÀï´óµÛ¡±¡£
Ö£Ðŵĸ¸Ç×Ö£ïÞÊÇÖйú³Îº£ÏØÖÐÍâÆÎ¶¼(½ñÉÏ»ªÕò)»ª¸»´åÈË¡£ÇåÓºÕýÄê¼äÄ϶ÉåßÂÞ£¬¾Ó°¢è¤ÍÓÒ®³Ç(´ó³Ç)¡£È¢åßÂÞŮΪÆÞ£¬ÉúÖ£ÐÅ¡£
Ö£ïÞÈ¥ÊÀºó£¬Ö£Ðű»åßÂÞ¹ú´ó³¼ÊÕÎªÑø×Ó£¬½ÓÊÜÌ©¹ú´«Í³½ÌÓý¡£³¤³Éºó´ÓÕþ£¬¹Ù¾Ó¸Ê±Ì¸®¸®Òü£¬·â¾ôΪÅûÒ®¡£
1763Ä꣬ÃåµéÈëÇÖåßÂÞ£¬Ö£ÐÅÂʲ¿·ÀÎÀåß¶¼¡£ËÄÄêºó£¬Ãå¾ü¹¥ÏÝåß¶¼£¬´ó³ÇÍõ³¯ÃðÍö¡£
Ö£ÐÅÔÚ¶«ÄÏÑØº£µØÇø½¨Á¢¸ù¾ÝµØ£¬×éÖ¯·´¿¹¾ü£¬¹â¸´´ó³Ç£¬²¢Ç¨¶¼ÍÌÎäÀï¡£
1767Äê12ÔÂ28ÈյǻùΪÍõ£¬Ê·³ÆÍÌÎäÀïÍõ³¯¡£ËæºóÏûÃð¸÷µØ¸î¾ÝÊÆÁ¦£¬ÈýÄêºóͳһÁËåßÂÞÈ«¹ú£¬ÓÖ¶à´Î¶Ô¼íÆÒÕ¯½øÐоüÊÂÀ©ÕÅ¡£ËûÒ²ÅÉʹ³¼µ½±±¾©£¬È볯ÓÚÇåÍ¢¡£
1782Äê4ÔÂ7ÈÕ£¬ÔÚÒ»´Î¹¬Í¢Õþ±äÖУ¬Ö£Ðű»É±¡£´Ó¼íÆÒկǰÏßÂÊ´ó¾ü»Ø¾©µÄÈ´¿ËÀォ¾üÄÃÎÕÕþȨ£¬½¨Á¢Âü¹ÈÍõ³¯¡£
Ì©¹úÕþ¸®¹æ¶¨Ã¿Äê12ÔÂ28ÈÕΪ֣Íõ½Ú¡£
5¡¢ÂíÀ´ÎâÊÏÍõ¹ú
ÎâÑô(1717¡ª1784)£¬ÓÖÃûÎâÈã¬×Öʿ٩£¬ÂíÀ´ÎâÊÏÍõ¹úµÄ½¨Á¢Õß¡£ÔΪ¸£½¨ÕÄÖݸ®º£³ÎÏØÉ½ÌÁÏçÎ÷ÐË´åÈË¡£
ÂíÀ´ÎâÊÏÍõ¹úÑݱäΪÈç½ñÂíÀ´Î÷ÑǵÄËο¨ÊС£
1750Äêµ½åßÂß(½ñÌ©¹ú)Äϲ¿Ëο¨(½ñÊôÌ©¹ú£¬Î»ÓÚÂíÀ´°ëµº)ıÉú¡£Ëο¨ÔÊÇ»ÄÎÞÈËÑ̵ĵشø£¬ÎâÑô´øÁ컪ÇÈ¿ª·¢¿ÑÖ²£¬Ê¹Ëο¨Öð½¥·±ÈÙÆðÀ´£¬ÎâÑôÒò´Ë±»³ÆÎª½¨ÉèËο¨µÄµÚÒ»ÈË¡£1769Ä꣬åßÂßÖ£»ÊÂʱøÄÏÏÂÌÖÆ½ÂåÀ¤ÅÑÂÒ£¬ÎâÑô³Ë»úÇëΪ¶ËËĵº¡¢Î嵺ÑàÎÑ˰Àô£¬Ô¸ÄêÄɰ×ÒøÎåʮһ½ï£¬Ö£»Ê×¼ÆäËùÇ룬²¢·âËûΪ×Ó¾ô¡£Ö£»Ê¼ÎÆäÖҳϣ¬1775ÄêÚ¯·âÕÑÃÏ(Chao Muang)£¬ÒâΪ³ÇÖ÷£¬¾ôºÅöÇËØÍôÆæÀïËÌľ£¬¸®ÊðÉèÁ®ËÉ¡£Í³ÖÎËο¨³ÇºÍ´ó¿¤ºò¡¢ÈüÎäÀï¡¢´óÄà¡¢¶¡¼ÓÅ«Èý³Ç¼°ÂíÀ´Î÷ÑǼªÀ¼µ¤¡¢¶¡¼ÓÅ«¡¢¼ª´ò¡¢²£Á§ÊеÈËÄÖÝ¡£1784Ä꣬ÎâÑôÊÅÊÀ¡£

6¡¢¡°·ÉÁú¡±¹ú¿ª¹ú¾ýÖ÷
ÕÅçö£¬¡°·ÉÁú¡±¹ú¿ª¹ú¾ýÖ÷¡£Ã÷³¯¼Î¾¸Äê¼äÈÄÆ½ÈË£¬ºº×壬ÉúÄê²»Ï飬ÍöÓÚ1563Äê¡£Ã÷¼Î¾¸Äê¼ä(1522¡ª1566Äê)£¬Òò²»Âú³¯Õþ¸¯°Ü£¬É±ËÀ×峤£¬Í¶±¼´óÆÒÖ£°Ë¡¢ÏôÍíÒå¾ü¡£Ö£°ËËÀºó£¬±»ÍÆÎªÊ×Áì¡£ºóÒòÆðÒåʧ°Ü£¬ËìÂÊÓಿÓÉÔÆÏöºÓÒýº½³öº££¬ÁªºÏº£ÉÏÎä×°Á¦Á¿£¬¼ÌÐø¶Ô¿¹Ã÷³¯Õþ¸®¡£ÒÔºóշתÄÏÏ£¬¶áÕ¼Èý·ðÆëµº(½ñËÕÃÅ´ðÀ°)£¬×ÔÁ¢Îª¹úÍõ£¬Õ¼Óоɸۡ¢Èá·ð¡¢ÂíÁù¼×µÈµØ£¬¿ÑÖ³ÎªÓæ£¬³Æ·¬²°³¤£¬ÕÄÖÝÈ˺ÍȪÖÝÈ˼°º£Í⻪ÒáÒÆÃñ¾ùÒÀ¸½Ëû¡£
7¡¢×¦ÍÛ˳Ëþ¹ú
ÄÏËÎÏéÐ˶þÄê(¹«Ôª1279Äê)£¬Ëν«ÕÅÊÀ½Ü±ø°ÜÑÂɽ£¬×óØ©Ïà½Ðã·ò(½ËÕÑγÇÈË)¸ºÓ×µÛµ¸º£¶øÍö;ÆäÓ××Ó½×ÔÁ¢(ºÅ¸´ËÎ)ºÍÆäËûÄÏËÎÒÅÃñ³Ë·¬²°ÍâÌÓÖÁÄÏÑóצÍÛµº¡£
½×ÔÁ¢±»ÍƾÙΪÊ×Á죬×ÔÁ¢Îª¹ú£¬ÓÉÓÚÉç»á½ø²½£¬ÖйúÈËÖð½¥×ßÏòÊÀ½ç£¬ÏÖÔÚ£¬ÖлªÒѲ»½öÊÇÒ»¸ö¹ú¼Ò£¬¶ø³ÉΪÁËÒ»¸ö»ªÈËÊÀ½ç(¾ÍÏó°¢À²®ÊÀ½ç)¡£ÒÔºó»¹ÓÐûÓлªÈËÒª½¨Á¢¹ú¼ÒÄØ£¬ÈÃÎÒÃÇÊÃÄ¿ÒÔ´ý°É¡£
_(ÍøÎÄ×ªÔØ) (²©Ñ¶ boxun.com) 3810714
|