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《协会保险条款诠释》陈剖建/郭国汀译 第五编 为各利益方的保险
第五编 为各利益方的保险
（Insurances For Various Interests）
第1章 导论
海上保险合同并不局限于仅仅承保发生于海上的损失。
1906年《海上保险法》第2条1款规定：
“A contract of marine insurance may, by its express terms, or by a usage of trade, be extended so as to protect the assured against losses on inland water or on any land risk which may be incidental to any sea voyage.”
“海上保险合同，得用明示条款或经由某种贸易习惯，扩展保障被保险人在与海上航程有关的内河或任何陆地风险中的损失。”
在第2条2款特别规定：
“Where a ship in course of building, or the launch of a ship, or any adventure analogous to a marine adventure, is covered by a policy in the form of a marine policy, the provisions of this Act, in so far as applicable, shall apply thereto；…”
“如果用海上保险单格式的保险单，承保建造中的船舶，或者船舶下水，或类似海上冒险的任何冒险，本法中的各项规定，只要是可适用者，均得适用之；……”
与此相似，假如某人能证明他拥有某种可保利益，对于何种人能领取海上保险单不存在任何限制。对此，1906年《海上保险法》第5条规定：
“(1) Subject to the provisions of this Act, every person has an insurable interest who is interested in a marine adventure.
(2) In particular a person is interested in a marine adventure when he stands in any legal or equitable relation to the adventure or to any insurable property at risk therein, in consequence of which he may benefit by the safety or due arrival of insurable property, or may be prejudiced by its loss, or by damage thereto, or by the detention thereof, or may incur liability in respect thereof.”
“(1) 受本法各条规定的制约，对海上冒险有利益的每个人均有可保利益。
（2）一个人对海上冒险拥有利益，尤其是当他与该冒险或处于风险中的任何保险财产具有法律上或衡平上的关系，若保险财产安全或及时到达，他即能从中获益，或如保险财产灭失，或损害，或被滞留，或引起有关责任，他便因此受到损害。”
稍微浏览一下该条规定的特点，便可看出其涉及的范围相当广泛包括：
－承保与船舶建造有关的各项风险，保障造船人或其他承包商；
－承保集装箱、为集装箱经营人和其他使用者；
－为银行和其他金融机构的利益提供保障保险。
在下述各章中，我们将检查专门设计用于承保这些特定风险的协会保险条款。
第2章 造船厂的风险的保险
(The Insurance of Shipbuilders’ Risks)
1988年6月1日协会造船厂的风险保险条款(Institute Clauses for Builders’ Risk 1/6/88)
This insurance is subject to English law and practice
本保险受英国法律和惯例的制约。
对于本项规定的效果，见第90页至91页的解释。
下一页有一些项目必须填写以便确认建造中的船舶，诸如保险单下的被保险人（名称），造船地点，及建造的阶段等，参见另页。
船舶（Vessel ）. 在龙骨安放仪式举行以前，通常船名倘未命名。为了辨别建造中的船舶，习惯上在保险单中，在码头编号之后，将她描述为“新造船舶”(Newbuilding).
造船人(Builders). 确认主造船承包商是保险人确定保险费率主要考虑的问题之一，同等重要的是主机制造商的名称及其他分承包商的名称。除了评定风险程度的实质问题之外，确认船舶建造各有关当事方在确定谁是保险单项下的被保险人方面亦相当重要：见第261页对被保险人的评论。
造船厂(Builder’s Yards). 主船体和船舶的各种其他部件的建造场所亦需披露。
保险标的(Subject of Insurance).在此标题下，有关建造承包商和他们的工作场所的各种信息资料，应当与基于建造商的行情或估价确认各不同部件并提供一套临时价值的附加信息协调。规定该信息的格式在两段不同的期间分别规定：
INSTITUTE CLAUSES FOR BUILDERS’ RISKS
(This insurance is subject to English law an practice)
VESSEL Contract or Yard No
BUILDERS
BUILDERS’ YARDS
SUBJECT OF INSURANCE
(Where more than one part of the subject-matter insured is described in Section I(A), Section I (B) or Section II below, then the respective wording of Section I (A), Section I (B) or Section II shall be applied to each part separately.)
SECTION I. Provisional Period from but this insurance to terminate upon delivery to Owners if prior to expiry of Provisional Period.
(A) HULL and MACHINERY etc. under construction at the yard or other premises of the Builders.
Description Contract or Yard No. Provisionally valued at To be built at /by
The subject-matter of this sub-section (A) is covered whilst at Builders’ Yard and at Builders’ premises elsewhere within the port or place of construction at which the Builders’ Yard is situated and whilst in transit between such locations. The Underwriters’ liability in respect of each item of this sub-section (A) which is at such locations shall attach from the time:-
(i) of inception of this Section I if such item has already been allocated to the Vessel:
(ii) of delivery to Builders of such item (if allocated ) when delivered after inception of this Section I;
(iii) of allocation by Builders if allocated after inception of this Section I.
(B) MACHINERY etc. insured hereon whilst under construction by Sub-Contractors.
Description Contract or Yard No. Provisionally valued at To be built at/by
The subject-matter of this sub-section (B) is covered whilst at Sub-Contractors’ works and at Sub-Contractors’premises elsewhere within the port or place of construction at which the Sub-Contractors’ works are situated and whilst in transit between such locations. The Underwriters’ liability in respect of each item of this sub-section (B) which is at such locations shall attach from the time:-
(i) of inception of this Section I if such item has already been allocated to the Vessel:
(ii) of delivery to the Sub-Contractor of such item (if allocated ) when delivered after inception of this Section I;
(iii) of allocation by the Sub-Contractor if allocated after inception of this Section I.
The subject-matter of this sub-section (B) is also covered whilst:-
(a) in transit to Builders if the transit is within the port or place of construction at which the Builders’ Yard is situated;
(b) at Builders’ Yard and at Builders’ premises elsewhere within the port or place of construction at which the Builders’ Yard is situated and whilst in transit between such locations.
SECTION II. Provisional Period from but this insurance to terminate upon delivery to Owners if prior to expiry of Provisional Period.
MACHINERY etc. insured hereon from delivery of Builders.
Description Contract or Yard No. Provisionally valued at To be built/by
The subject-matter of this Section II is covered whilst at Builders’ Yard and at Builders’ premises elsewhere within the port or place of construction at which the Builders’ Yard is situated and whilst in transit between such locations. The Underwriters’ liability in respect of each item of this Section II shall attach from the time of delivery to Builders.
协会造船人风险保险条款
（本保险受英国法律和惯例制约）
船名 合同号或船舶建造序号
造船人
造船厂
保险标的
（在下述第1节（A），（B）或第2节载明的保险标的多于一件以上之情况下，那么第1节（A），（B）或第2节的各自用语将分别适用于各节）
第1节． 暂定期间自 年 月 日，至 年 月 日但是若该暂定期间提前届满，本保险将在向船舶所有人交船时终止。
（A）在造船厂或造船人的其他经营场所建造中的船体和机器等
说明 合同号或建造序号 暂定价值 建造地/建造者
本（A）段的保险标的，当其处于造船厂内和港区内造船人的别处场所或造船厂所在地的建造场所内以及在此种处所之间运送过程中，均受保险。保险人对于处于此种场所的本（A）段的每一部件的保险责任自下述时间开始生效：
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