|
1996年欧洲反破坏性异端决议及其邪教定义
南郭点评:按照欧洲反破坏性异端(邪教)决议E款的定义,邪教是指涉及对信徒成员实行“虐待、性虐待、非法拘禁、奴役、鼓动攻击性行为或宣传种族主义观 念、偷税、非法洗钱、走私武器及毒品、违反劳工法、非法行医等”。(maltreatment, sexual abuse, unlawful detention, slavery, the encouragement of aggressive behaviour or propagation of racist ideologies, tax fraud, illegal transfers of funds, trafficking in arms or drugs, violation of labour laws, the illegal practice of medicine)最高法院与最高检察院解释规定:“刑法第三百条中的“邪教组织”,是指冒用宗教、气功或者其他名义建立,神化首要分子,利用制 造、散布迷信邪说等手段蛊惑、蒙骗他人,发展、控制成员,危害社会的非法组织。”The Supreme People's Court and the Supreme Procuratorate breathed specificity into the Criminal Code by defining heretical organizations or evil cults as those illegal groups that have been found (1) using religion, qigong or other names as a camouflage; (2) deifying the leading members; (3) deceiving people by molding and spreading superstitious ideas; and (4) recruiting and controlling members and endangering society.) 与上述欧洲反破坏性异端(邪教)决议定义的所谓教相差十万八千里,明显可见是中共为了镇压法轮功事后克意按中共旨意胡编乱造的定义。按中共定义,何谓迷 信?邪说?冒用?神化?盅惑?危害社会?全部是不特定的概念,均可由中共伪法官随心所意任意解释.而且中共之定义居然无一项符合国际定义的具体标准.法 律必须让公众明确知道什么是可以做的,什么是不得为的;而且法律首先必须尊守自然正义法则,不得违反宪法的原则精神,亦即不得违反宗教信仰自由的基本人 权.因为宪法具有最高法律效力,任何违宪的法规均自始无效.
1996 Resolution on cults in Europe
The European Parliament,
• having regard to the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms of 4 November 1950,
• having regard to the Treaty on European Union, and in particular Article F(2), Article K.1, points 2, 5, 6, 7 and 9, and Article K.3 thereof,
• having regard to its resolution of 8 July 1992 on a European Charter of the Rights of the Child (1),
• having regard to Recommendation 1178 (1992) of the Council of Europe on cults and new religious movements,
A. reaffirming its attachment to the basic principles of democracy and the rule of law, such as tolerance, and freedom of conscience, religion, thought, association and assembly,
B. whereas recent events in France, and in particular the deaths of 16 people, three of them children, in the Vercors on 23 December 1995, have drawn attention to the dangerous activities of certain organizations commonly known as 'cults',
C. whereas the activities of groups of cults or cult-type associations are a phenomenon that is rapidly proliferating, and taking increasingly diverse forms, throughout the world,
D. whereas many religious and other sects are perfectly legitimate and are therefore entitled to have their organizations and activities protected under the guarantees of individual and religious freedom enshrined in the European Convention of Human Rights,
E. whereas, however, some cults operating through a cross-frontier network within the European Union are engaging in activities of an illicit or criminal nature and in violations of human rights, such as maltreatment, sexual abuse, unlawful detention, slavery, the encouragement of aggressive behaviour or propagation of racist ideologies, tax fraud, illegal transfers of funds, trafficking in arms or drugs, violation of labour laws, the illegal practice of medicine, and so on,
1. Reaffirms the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion and to freedom of association, subject to the limits imposed by the need to respect the freedom and privacy of the individual and to provide protection from practices such as torture, inhuman and degrading treatment, slavery, etc.;
2. Calls on the Member States to ensure that the legal and police authorities make effective use of existing legal provisions and instruments at national level and cooperate actively and more closely, particularly within Europol, to combat the attacks on the fundamental rights of individuals of which certain cults are culpable;
3. Calls on the Member States to ascertain whether their judicial, fiscal and penal provisions are adequate to prevent the activities of such cults from resulting in unlawful actions;
4. Calls on the governments of the Member States not to make the granting of religious status automatic and to consider, in the case of sects involved in undercover or criminal activity, withdrawing their status as religious communities, which confers tax advantages and certain legal protection;
5. Calls on the Member States, in this regard, to step up the exchange of information between them so as to coordinate data on the cult phenomenon;
6. Calls on the Council to study, propose and adopt any measures arising from effective implementation of the instruments incorporated in Title VI of the Treaty on European Union and existing Community law in order to control and combat the illegal activities of cults in the European Union; calls on the Council to promote cooperation between the Member States and third countries to trace missing persons and facilitate their reintegration into society;
7. Instructs the Commission and the Member States to show the utmost vigilance to ensure that Community subsidies are not granted to illicit cult-type associations;
8. Calls on its Committee on Civil Liberties and Internal Affairs to propose to the corresponding committees of the national parliaments that their next joint meeting be devoted to the subject of sects; in this way, information on the organization, working methods and conduct of sects in each Member State could be exchanged and conclusions drawn on the best way to restrain undesirable activities by them and on strategies to raise public awareness about them. The conclusions of this meeting should be submitted to the plenary in the form of a report;
9. Instructs its President to forward this resolution to the Council, the Commission, the governments and parliaments of the Member States and the Council of Europe.
The Supreme People's Court and the Supreme Procuratorate
breathed specificity into the Criminal Code by defining heretical
organizations or evil cults as those illegal groups that have been found (1)
using religion, qigong or other names as a camouflage; (2) deifying the
leading members; (3) deceiving people by molding and spreading
superstitious ideas; and (4) recruiting and controlling members and
endangering society.
此文于2009年03月14日做了修改
|