南郭点评：有神与无神论之争由来已久，事实上无神论主要是18世纪启蒙运动的产物，而自1856年达尔文的《物种起源》发表后无神论更是喧嚣。然而现代科学的进一步发现发明，尤其是1952年DHA的发现，及基因细胞学的发现，使得有神无神之争重现胶着。有一本书汇集了1600名世界着名科学家哲学家思想家信基督教名录，另一本书则收集了诺贝尔物理化学数学及和来奖获得者信神者的名录与事迹。爱因斯坦是公认的人类中最聪慧的人，因此有关研究爱氏宗教观上帝观的信息也特别多，至少有三百万条英文信息。下述爱氏论宗教与上帝选译自《五十名诺贝尔科学奖与哲学奖获得者信上帝》。

   意大利罗马

   爱因斯坦宗教信仰上帝相关言论选译

   ALBERTEINSTEIN NOBEL LAUREATE IN PHYSICS

   Nobel Prize: Albert Einstein(1879–1955) was awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics for his contributionsto Quantum Theory and for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect.Einstein is one of the founders of modern physics; he is the author of theTheory of Relativity. According to the world media (Reuters, December2000) Einstein is “the personality of the second millennium.” Ph.D. in physics,University of Zurich, Switzerland, 1905 Professor of Physics at theUniversities of Zurich, Prague, Bern, and Princeton, NJ.

   南郭点评：有神与无神论之争由来已久，事实上无神论主要是18世纪启蒙运动的产物，而自1856年达尔文的《物种起源》发表后无神论更是喧嚣。然而现代科学的进一步发现发明，尤其是1952年DHA的发现，及基因细胞学的发现，使得有神无神之争重现胶着。有一本书汇集了1600名世界着名科学家哲学家思想家信基督教名录，另一本书则收集了诺贝尔物理化学数学及和来奖获得者信神者的名录与事迹。爱因斯坦是公认的人类中最聪慧的人，因此有关研究爱氏宗教观上帝观的信息也特别多，至少有三百万条英文信息。下述爱氏论宗教与上帝选译自《五十名诺贝尔科学奖与哲学奖获得者信上帝》。

   1. 我想知道上帝是如何创造这个世界的。我对这种或那种现象，这种或那种元素的光谱不感兴趣。我想知道上帝的思想，至于其它细节就让其休息吧。

   “I want to knowhow God created this world. I am not interested in this or that phenomenon, inthe spectrum of this or that element. I want to know His thoughts, the rest aredetails.” (Einstein, as cited in Ronald Clark, Einstein: The Life and Times,London, Hodder and Stoughton Ltd., 1973, 33).

   2. 我们就好象一个进入一间巨大的充满了各种不同语言藏书的图书馆的小孩。孩子知道有人想必写了这些书，但不知道他们是如何写的。他不懂这些语言。他朦胧地怀疑在排列这些书之间有某种秘密的顺序，但不知道到底是什么样的顺序。这些对我而言，正是即便最聪慧的人类面对上帝的态度。我们看到一个绝妙安排遵循一定规律的宇宙，但仅是含糊地理解这些规律。我们有限的心智无法领会该推动各星座运动的神秘的力量。

   “We are in theposition of a little child entering a huge library filled with books in manydifferent languages. The child knows someone must have written those books. Itdoes not know how. It does not understand the languages in which they arewritten. The child dimly suspects a mysterious order in the arrangement of thebooks, but doesn’t know what it is. That, it seems to me, is the attitude ofeven the most intelligent human being toward God. We see a Universemarvellously arranged and obeying certain laws, but only dimly understand theselaws. Our limited minds cannot grasp the mysterious force that moves theconstellations.” (Einstein, as cited in Denis Brian, Einstein: A Life,New York, John Wiley and Sons, 1996, 186).

   3. 如果某人清除犹太教和基督教的先知，尤其是那些牧师，正如耶苏基督曾反复教导的那样，那么他就将离开那种能拯救人类社会所有弊病的教导。尽其所能，在他力所能及的范围内，坚定地努力使该净化人类的教导成为一种活的力量是每个仁善的人的责任。

   “If one purgesthe Judaism of the Prophets and Christianity as Jesus Christ taught it of all subsequent additions, especiallythose of the priests, one is left with a teaching which is capable of curingall the social ills of humanity. It is the duty of every man of good will tostrive steadfastly inhis own little world to make this teaching of pure humanity a living force, sofar as he can.” (Albert Einstein, Ideas and Opinions, New York, BonanzaBooks, 1954, 184-185).

   4. 总之，在犹太教与基督教之间的区别是否已被两派中狂热信徒跨大？我们双方都是生活在上帝的应许之下，受到几乎等同的精神力量的培育。无论犹太人或非犹太人，不论约束或自由，所有都是上帝自已拥有的。

   “After all,haven’t the differences between Jew and Christian been over exaggerated byfanatics on both sides? We both are living under God’s approval, and nurturealmost identical spiritual capacities. Jew or Gentile, bond or free, all areGod’s own.” (Einstein, as cited in H.G. Garbedian, Albert Einstein: Maker ofUniverses, New York, Funk and Wagnalls Co., 1939, 267).

   5. 凡是认真追求科学的任何人均会确信在自然规律中有某种明显的精神，亦即某种远远高于人类的神灵存在，当我们依谦恭的力量面对该神灵时必须感到谦虚。依此方式追求科学引导至某种特殊的宗教感情，这种宗教感情确实与那些更为天真的宗教盲信者大不一样。

   “Every one whois seriously involved in the pursuit of science becomes convinced that a Spiritis manifest in the laws of the universe – a Spirit vastly superior to that ofman, and one in the face of which we with our modest powers must feel humble.In this way the pursuit of science leads to a religious feeling of a specialsort, which is indeed quite different from the religiosity of someone morenaive.” (Einstein 1936, as cited in Dukas and Hoffmann, Albert Einstein: TheHuman Side, Princeton University Press, 1979, 33).

   6. 人们越是深入了解自然的奥秘，也就对上帝越崇敬。

   “The deeper onepenetrates into nature’s secrets, the greater becomes one’s respect for God.”(Einstein, as cited in Brian 1996, 119).

   7. 我们能够体验的最美丽最深奥的情感乃是在感受神秘（通灵）时获得。它是所有真正科学的种子。对于此种情感感到陌生的人而言，在敬畏之中他将无法继续全神贯注，就好象死了般。那种深沉的情感使我深信有某种超凡的理性力量出现，揭示在不可理解的宇宙，构成我的上帝观念。

   “The mostbeautiful and most profound emotion we can experience is the sensation of themystical. It is the sowe of all true science. He to whom this emotion is astranger, who can no longer stand rapt in awe, is as good as dead. That deeplyemotional conviction of the presence of a superior Reasoning Power, which isrevealed in the incomprehensible Universe, forms my idea of God.” (Einstein, ascited in Libby Anfinsen 1995).

   8. 我的宗教狂热在于对无穷的高级神灵谦逊的赞美，该高级神灵自身显示，用我们虚弱和瞬间的领悟力，几乎无法领悟实在。

   “My religiosityconsists in a humble admiration of the infinitely superior Spirit that revealsitself in the little that we, with our weak and transitory understanding, cancomprehend of reality.” (Einstein 1936, as cited in Dukas and Hoffmann 1979,66).

   9.我越深入研究科学就越相信上帝。 “The more Istudy science the more I believe in God.” (Einstein, as cited in Holt 1997).

   10. 麦克思教授认为爱因斯的名言：“科学没有宗教是跛足的，宗教没有科学是盲目的”可作为爱因斯坦宗教哲学的一种典型和典范。

   Max Jammer(Professor Emeritus of Physics and author of the biographical book Einsteinand Religion, 2002) claims that Einstein’s well-known dictum, “Sciencewithout religion is lame, religion without science is blind” can serve asan epitome and quintessence of Einstein’s religious philosophy. (Jammer 2002;Einstein 1967, 30).

   11. 犹太教和基督教的宗教传统赋予了我们的志向、抱负和判断的最高原则。它是一项非常高的目标，依我们微弱的力量，我们能抵达十分有限的目标，但该是最高原则赋予了我们的志向、抱负和价值某种稳固的基础。

   “The highestprinciples for our aspirations and judgments are given to us in theJewish-Christian religious tradition. It is a very high goal which, with ourweak powers, we can reach only very inadequately, but which gives a surefoundation to our aspirations and valuations.” (Albert Einstein, Out of MyLater Years, New Jersey, Littlefield, Adams and Co., 1967, 27).

   12. 依我有限的人类心灵，我所能认识的如此和谐的宇宙（令人惊奇），仍有不少人说不存在上帝。但是真正令我愤怒不已的乃是他们竟引用我的话，说我支持此种不存在上帝的观点。

   “In view of suchharmony in the cosmos which I, with my limited human mind, am able torecognize, there are yet people who say there is no God. But what really makesme angry is that they quote me for the support of such views.” (Einstein, ascited in Clark 1973, 400; and Jammer 2002, 97).