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郭国汀律师专栏
·法官律师与政党 郭国汀
·尊敬的法官大人你值得尊敬吗?!
·郭国汀与中国律师网友论法官
·法官的良心与良知/南郭
·法官!这是我法律生涯的终极目标! 郭国汀
·律师与法官之间究竟应如何摆正关系?
·勇敢地参政议政吧!中国律师们!/郭国汀
·从 “中国律师人”说开去
·唯有科班出身者才能当律师?!答王靓华高论/南郭
·律师的责任——再答李洪东/南郭
·中国律师朋友们幸福不会从天降!/南郭
·我为北京16位律师喝彩!郭国汀
·郭国汀律师与网上警官的交锋
·我是中国律师我怕谁?!
·郭国汀 好律师与称职的律师
·温柔抗议对郭律师的ID第二次查封
·第五次强烈抗议中国律师网无理非法封杀郭律师的IP
·中国律师网为何封杀中国律师?
·中律网封杀删除最受网友们欢迎的郭国汀律师
·最受欢迎的写手却被中共彻底封杀
·我为何暂时告别中国律师网?
·我的告别书—再见中国律师网
·南郭:律师的文学功底
·中国最需要什么样的律师?
·勇敢地参政议政吧!中国律师们!
·将律师协会办成真正的民间自治组织
·强烈挽留郭国汀律师/小C
·勇敢地参政议政吧 中国律师!
·the open letter to Mr.Hu Jintao from Lawyers' Rights Watch Canada for Gao Zhisheng
·自宫与被阉割的中国律师网 /南郭
·做律师首先应当做个堂堂正正的人——南郭与王靓华的论战/南郭
·呵!吉大,我心中永远的痛!
·再答小C君/南郭
·凡跟郭国汀贴者一律入选黑名单!
·历史不容患改!历史专家不敢当,吾喜读中国历史是实
·思想自由的益处答迷风先生
·答迷风先生
·答经纬仪之民族败类之指责,汝不妨教教吾辈汝之哲学呀?
·南郭曾是"天才"但一夜之间被厄杀成蠢才,如今不过是个笨蛋耳!
·答时代精英,
·长歌独行至郭国汀律师公开函
***南郭独立评论
·【郭國汀評論】第一集我為什麼要為法輪功辯護
·【郭国汀评论】第二集从自焚伪案看中共的邪教本质
·《郭国汀评论》第三集国际专家学者如何看待法轮功?
·【郭國汀評論】第四集:中共為何懼怕曾節明
·【郭國汀評論】第五集:憶通律師事務所遭遇停業的真正原因
·《郭国汀评论》第六集中共暴政与精神病
·《郭国汀评论》第七集:江泽民是货真价实的汉奸卖国贼
·《郭国汀评论》第八集:从陈世忠的“第二种忠诚”看中共司法黑暗
·【郭國汀評論】第九集-苏家屯事件(盗卖法轮功学员人体器官)是中共的滑鐵盧
·《郭国汀评论》第十集:蘇家屯事件(活体盗卖法轮功学员人体器官)是中共的滑鐵盧(下集)
·《郭国汀评论》:第十二集:爱中华必须反共!
·《郭国汀评论》第十三集:为六四“反革命暴徒”抗辩
·《郭国汀评论》第十四集:什么是我们为之奋斗的民主?
·《郭国汀评论》第十五集:为邓玉娇抗辩(上)
·《郭国汀评论》第十六集 我为邓玉娇抗辩(下)
·《郭国汀评论》第十七集:强烈谴责中共暴政迫害中国人权律师
·《郭國汀評論》第十八集:中共专制暴政正在毁灭中国生态环境
·《郭国汀评论》第十九集:论中共暴政
·《郭国汀评论》第二十集:论中共暴政(下)
·《郭国汀评论》第二十二集:论法轮功精神运动的伟大意义
·郭国汀评论:论中共政权的非法性《郭国汀评论》第23集
·郭国汀评论:为什么说中共政权是个流氓暴政?
·郭国汀评论:胡锦涛不是在执政而是在犯罪
·郭国汀评论:论中共政权是个超级暴政
·郭国汀评论:论中共政权是个极权暴政
·郭国汀评论:论中共专制暴政下的酷刑
·郭国汀评论第二十八集:中共极权专制暴政下不可能有任何新闻自由
·郭国汀评论:论中共是个犯罪组织
·郭国汀评论:论中共暴政体制性司法腐败
·郭国汀评论:论中共暴政体制性司法腐败(下)
·陈良宇是中共残酷政治斗争的牺牲品
·郭国汀 国人民族主义乃中共误导所致
·人民公社万岁?!--《辉煌的幻灭》读后感
·如何成为一名伟大的,优秀的法律人?网友评论
·如何成为一名对社会有用的人
·谁杀死了中国伟大的诗人杨春光?
·忆对我前半生影响至深的三位老师
·A Letter to a Chinese
·不敢讲真话的民族注定是受奴役遭天谴的软骨头的劣等种族
***大学生\知识分子与爱国愤青研究
·大中学生及留学生必读:胡锦涛崇尚的古巴政治是什么玩意?!
·是否应彻底否定中华传统文
·向留学生及大中学生推荐一篇好文
·向留学生大学生强烈推荐杰作驳中共政权威权化的谬论
·强烈谴责中共党控教育祸国殃民的罪孽!--闻贺卫方教授失业有感
·學術腐敗是一個國家腐敗病入膏肓的明證
·中共专制暴政长期推行党化奴化教育罪孽深重
·教育国民化、私有化而非政治化党化是改革教育最佳途径之一
·论当代中国大学生和爱国愤青的未来
·给中国大学生留学生及爱国愤青们开书单
·中国知识分子死了!
·强烈推荐大学生与爱国愤青必读最佳论文
·敬请爱国愤青们关注爱国民族英雄郑贻春教授
·敬请海内外爱国愤青兄弟姐妹们关注爱国留学生英雄清水君
·敬请海内外爱国愤青们关注爱国留学生英雄冯正虎
·爱国愤青主要是因为无知
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人权律师辩护律师必读之公正审判指南(英文)

EXTRACTS FROM THE FAIR TRIAL MANUAL
   The Fair Trial Manual (a reference manual on international and regional standards for fair trial, published by Amnesty International in 1998) cites the names of human rights standards and bodies in an abbreviated form. We list below the full names of those cited in the extracts of the Manual presented here, with their abbreviated form given first:
   ABBREVIATED FORM FULL NAME
   African Charter African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
   African Commission African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights
   American Convention American Convention on Human Rights
   American Declaration American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man
   Basic Principles for the Treatment of Prisoners Basic Principles for the Treatment of Prisoners (United Nations)
   Basic Principles on the Use of Force and Firearms by Law Enforcement Officials Basic Principles on the Use of Force and Firearms by Law Enforcement Officials (United Nations)
   Body of Principles Body of Principles for the Protection of All Persons under Any Form of Detention or Imprisonment (United Nations)
   Code of Conduct for Law Enforcement Officials Code of Conduct for Law Enforcement Officials (United Nations)
   Committee against Torture Committee against Torture (United Nations)
   Convention against Torture Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (United Nations)
   Declaration against Torture Declaration on the Protection of All Persons From Being Subjected to Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (United Nations)
   Declaration on Disappearance Declaration on the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance (United Nations)
   European Commission European Commission of Human Rights
   European Convention (European) Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms
   European Court European Court of Human Rights
   European Prison Rules European Prison Rules
   Guidelines on the Role of Prosecutors Guidelines on the Role of Prosecutors (United Nations)
   Human Rights Committee Human Rights Committee (United Nations)
   ICC Statute Statute of the International Criminal Court (United Nations)
   ICCPR International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (United Nations)
   Inter-American Commission Inter-American Commission on Human Rights
   Inter-American Convention on Disappearance Inter-American Convention on Forced Disappearance of Persons
   Inter-American Convention on Torture Inter-American Convention to Prevent and Punish Torture
   Principles of Medical Ethics Principles of Medical Ethics relevant to the Role of Health Personnel, particularly Physicians, in the Protection of Prisoners and Detainees against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (United Nations)
   Rwanda Rules Rules of Procedure and Evidence, International Tribunal for Rwanda (United Nations)
   Rwanda Statute Statute of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (United Nations)
   Special Rapporteur on the independence of judges and lawyers Special Rapporteur on the independence of judges and lawyers (United Nations)
   Standard Minimum Rules Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners (United Nations)
   Universal Declaration Universal Declaration of Human Rights (United Nations)
   Yugoslavia Rules Rules of Procedure and Evidence of the International Tribunal for the Prosecution of Persons Responsible for Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law Committed in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia (United Nations)
   Yugoslavia Statute Statute of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (United Nations)
   EXTRACTS FROM CHAPTER 5 (Fair Trial Manual)
   The right to be brought promptly before a judge or other officer
   Anyone deprived of their liberty has the right to be brought promptly before a judge or other judicial officer, so that their rights can be protected.
   5.1 The right to be brought promptly before a judge or judicial officer
   In order to safeguard the right to liberty and freedom from arbitrary arrest or detention, and in order to prevent violations of fundamental human rights, all forms of detention or imprisonment must be ordered by or subject to the effective control of a judicial or other authority. [Principle 4 of the Body of Principles.]
   Anyone arrested or detained must be brought promptly before a judge or other officer authorized by law to exercise judicial power. [Article 9(3) of the ICCPR, Article 10(1) of the Declaration on Disappearance, Paragraph 2(C) of the African Commission Resolution, Article 7(5) of the American Convention, Article XI of the Inter-American Convention on Disappearance, Article 5(3) of the European Convention, Article 59(2) of the ICC Statute, Principle 11(1) of the Body of Principles.]
   Article 9(3) of the ICCPR applies to people arrested or detained on a criminal charge, but the other standards apply more broadly to all people deprived of their liberty.
   The purposes of the review before a judge or judicial authority include:
   - to assess whether sufficient legal reason exists for the arrest;
   - to assess whether detention before trial is necessary;
   - to safeguard the well-being of the detainee;
   - and to prevent violations of the detainee's fundamental rights.
   Relevant Standards
   Article 9(3) of the ICCPR:
   "Anyone arrested or detained on a criminal charge shall be brought promptly before a judge or other officer authorized by law to exercise judicial power and shall be entitled to trial within a reasonable time or to release..."
   Principle 11(1) of the Body of Principles:
   "A person shall not be kept in detention without being given an effective opportunity to be heard promptly by a judicial or other authority. A detained person shall have the right to defend himself or to be assisted by counsel as prescribed by law."
   This procedure often provides the detained person with their first opportunity to challenge the lawfulness of their detention and to secure release if the arrest or detention violated their rights.
   The Inter-American Commission has stated that if a court is not officially informed of a detention or is informed only after significant delay, the rights of a detainee are not protected. It pointed out that such situations lend themselves to other types of abuses, erode respect for the courts and their effectiveness and lead to the institutionalization of lawlessness. (12)
   In view of the importance of this right in protecting detainees against serious violations of human rights, including "disappearances", Amnesty International, in its 14-Point Program for the Prevention of "Disappearances", calls for all prisoners to be brought before a judicial authority without delay after being taken into custody.
   5.1.1 Officers authorized to exercise judicial power If the detained person is brought before an officer other than a judge, the officer must be authorized to exercise judicial power and must be independent of the parties. All those exercising judicial authority must be independent -- they must fulfil the criteria set out in the Basic Principles on the Independence of the Judiciary (see Chapter 12.4 The right to be heard by an independent tribunal).
   For example, the European Court held that there was a violation of Article 5(3) of the European Convention when the ''other officer authorised by law to exercise judicial authority'' was an auditeur militaire or a public prosecutor who could intervene in subsequent proceedings as a representative of the prosecuting authority. (13)
   5.2 What does "prompt" mean?
   International standards require that this hearing take place promptly after detention. While no time limits are expressly stated within the standards themselves, and they are to be determined on a case by case basis, the Human Rights Committee has stated that "...delays should not exceed a few days". (14)
   Members of the Human Rights Committee have questioned whether detention for 48 hours without being brought before a judge is not unreasonably long. (15)
    In a death penalty case, the Committee ruled that a delay of one week from the time of arrest before the detainee was brought before a judge was incompatible with Article 9(3) of the ICCPR. (16)

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